ABSTRACT
Objective To explore scientific and effective management methods for safe injection,provide reference for improving compliance rate of safe injection behavior and achieving continuous improvement in safe injection. Methods A special safety injection program was formulated,baseline survey and safe injection-related training were carried out,safe injection system and standard procedures were formulated,on-site supervision and examination were strengthened,quantitative indexes such as qualified rate of safe injection facilities,theoretical examination re-sult,behavior compliance rate,and occurrence rate of sharp injury before intervention (baseline survey in May 2016)and after intervention (2017)were compared.Results Through comprehensive intervention,facilities alloca-tion rates of safe injection in whole hospital were all＞97%,qualified rates of all medical waste disposal were all＞93%,actual average consumption of alcohol-based hand rub in the whole hospital increased from (5.56±2.13) mL/bed-day to (9.95±5.38)mL/bed-day;the average score of safety injection knowledge examination of health care workers(HCWs)increased from (71.20±12.22)before intervention to (92.59±5.99)after intervention;HCWs’compliance rate to safe injection increased from 62.50% before intervention to 88.53% after intervention, difference were all statistically significant (P＜0.05).Reporting rate of sharp injuries in the whole hospital within a week increased from 15.79% before intervention to 71.43% after intervention;occurrence rate of case incidence of sharp injuries in the whole year and 100-day hospitalization decreased from 9.98% and 0.0276% before intervention to 5.31% and 0.0168% after intervention respectively,differences were both statistically significant (both P＜0.05).Conclusion Effective comprehensive intervention measures can strengthen the awareness of safe injection, improve compliance rate of safe injection behavior,effectively prevent the occurrence of occupational injuries in HC-Ws caused by unsafe injection,and prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infection.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the characteristics of infections from blood donors with HBsAg⁻/HBV DNA⁺ in Xiamen area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Donors in Xiamen area were assayed by routine ELISA and those with negative results were tested by nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT). HBsAg⁻/HBV DNA⁺ samples were tested by quantitative detection of HBV DNA. Epidemiological analysis and following up examination were conducted in HBsAg⁻/HBV DNA⁺ donors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Out of 130659 samples 113 were tested as HBsAg⁻/HBV DNA⁺ and with a rate of 0.09%. Among those, 62 samples were tested by quantitative detection of HBV DNA. All of the quantitative results were less than 1 × 10³ IU/ml and 93.5% (58/62) of which were less than 100 IU/ml. The possitive rate of HBsAg⁻/HBV DNA⁺ donors rose with ages. The possitive rate in male donors was higher than that in female and was lower in highly educated ones. Students and public servants had a lower positive rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The possitive rate of HBsAg⁻/HBV DNA⁺ donors is higher in Xiamen and the distribution of possitive donors has certain epidemiological characteristics. It is necessary to mobilize and recruit more people with a lower rate of HBsAg⁻/HBV DNA⁺ infection.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Asian People , Blood Donors , China , Epidemiology , DNA, Viral , Blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepatitis B , Epidemiology , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Blood , Hepatitis B virus , Nucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesABSTRACT
Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status of blood donors in a southern city in China was investigated by immunological assays and nucleic acid testing. Overall, 17 (0.19%, 95% CI: 0.11%-0.30%) of the 9023 HBsAg negative samples were found to be positive for the presence of HBV DNA. "A" epitope sequences were obtained from 14 among them. Mutation(s) in aa124-aa147 existed in 6 (42.9%, 6/14) samples and 4 (66.7%, 4/6)were G145R mutation. Ratio of genotype C in occult donors (10/17) was statistically higher than HBs-positive donors (0/15, P<0.01), which implied that HBV genotype C leaded to occult infection more easily.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Blood Donors , China , Epidemiology , DNA, Viral , Genetics , Genotype , Hepatitis B , Epidemiology , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Hepatitis B virus , Classification , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Physiology , Immunologic Tests , Mutation , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
A quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed to measure the proviral load of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in peripheral blood. The technology utilizes special primers and Taqman MGB fluorescence probe to measure amplification products from the gag-pro-pol polyprotein gene of HTLV-I. HTLV-I copy number was normalized to the amount of cellular DNA by quantitation of the beta-actin gene, The amplification system was sensitive to detect 5 copy/microL. The standard curve had a good linearity when the quantity for the gene was between 10(3) and 10(7) copy/microL (R2 = 0.999). Good reproducibility was observed in each intra- and inter-assay. We also measured proviral load in peripheral blood in 12 HTLV-I seropositive former blood donors. Proviral load for HTLV-I infected donors ranged from 0.015 to 12.819 copy/cell in WBC with the mean of 3.116 copy/cell.